The Justifications Of Prison And Punishment - 975 Words

The area this dissertation will be focusing on is the justifications of prison and punishment, and looking at whether these objectives are being achieved today in the current prisonsystem, with a thorough analysis of short sentences. In order to analyse this, short sentences will be looked at to discover whether the prison system is working. Throughout history, punishment has always had to be justified. For example, pre-19th century, punishment, which included being sent to the gallows or being placed in the stocks, had the justification of being a deterrent, as punishment was a very public event (BBC, 2012). This type of punishment was then met with â€Å"Petitions against executions and torture increased in the eighteenth century† (Poster, 1984), and as a result of these petitions, theorists such as Beccaria (1764) spoke of creating a punishment that removed the element of torture. Foucault (1975) spoke of the moving of punishment from the body to the mind, in order to â€Å"present the prospect that their acts would that their acts would cause more pain than pleasure so that, as rational beings, they would avoid committing illegalities in the first place† (Poster, 1984). Prison has therefore been justified since the Gladstone Report (Departmental Committee on Prisons,1895), which set the tone for penal policy, stating that prison would have a deterrent function; there would also be a rehabilitative ideal about prison. The objectives of prison, as described by Jewkes et alShow MoreRelatedJustification Of Punishment Justified By Ted Honderinch s Punishment1038 Words   |  5 PagesWhy punish? Is the use of punishment Justified? Ted Honderinch’s Punishment: The supposed Justifications Revisited aim to answer these questions. Punishment is at the core of our punitive systems, therefore society needs to establish a well thought-out moral explanation as to why we punish and what we aim to achieve with the use of punishment. Honderinch set out to analyze the supposed moral claims that justify the practice of punishment and to determine if they are satisfactory enough for the intentionalRead MoreThe Prison System Should Be Abolished1237 Words   |  5 Pagesthat the prison system needs to be abolished. The prison system which is a significant part of punishment is incompetent and deeply flawed in the United States. Prison system reform needs immediate attention while abolition permanently will require time. Nietzsche’s theory of punishment explains how punishment come about in society and Davis’s critique of the prison system helps back my argument that the prison system needs to be abolished. Traditionally, there have been four justifications for punishment:Read MoreSociological Perspective Of Punishment Is Economic Determinism And Class Interest1459 Words   |  6 PagesGarland, D. (2015). Sociological perspective of punishment. [online] http://www.umass.edu/legal/Benavides/Fall2005/397G/Readings%20Legal%20397%20G/8%20David%20Garland.pdf. Available at: http://www.umass.edu/legal/Benavides/Fall2005/397G/Readings%20Legal%20397%20G/8%20David%20Garland.pdf [Accessed 20 Apr. 2015]. The second justification for punishment are economic determinism and class interest. Marxist see punishment in relation to the economic structure of society in which it takes place and toRead MoreThe Justification Of Punishment Today s Society999 Words   |  4 PagesThe justification of punishment in today’s society as stated by Bartollas Seigel indicates that since â€Å"it is applied by the duly authorized government body on somebody who has violated the laws of society† (2013) the issuance is therefore just. The concept of punishing law violators in return will benefit the law abiding populace is derived from Bartollas Siegel’s statement that â€Å"Punishing law violators provides beneficial consequences† (2013). Likewise, the assertion that the application andRead MoreRehabilitation Is The Best Punishment For Juvenile Crime900 Words   |  4 Pagesvalues for the philosophical justification for punishing juvenile crime is†¦retribution, deterr ence, and rehabilitation also known as correction in the juvenile court system. There is no doubt that if a crime is committed, the offender should and shall be punished. The doubt come in when the offender(s) are under the age of eighteen which is the majority for most states. A juvenile crime is different case-by-case, therefore, there is a debate on the severity of the punishment. Should we transfer to adultRead MoreJustifications for Punishment in Modern Society1630 Words   |  7 PagesProvide the justifications for punishment in modern society. Punishment functions as a form of social control and is geared towards â€Å"imposing some unwanted burden such as fines, probations, imprisonment, or even death† on a convicted person in return for the crimes they committed (Stohr, Walsh, Hemmens, 2013, p.6). There are four main justifications for punishment and they are: retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and incapacitation. There is also said to be a fifth justificatio n of reintegrationRead MorePunishment Research Paper1317 Words   |  6 PagesPunishment Research Paper Megan Marie Kayser University of Phoenix June 12, 2011 Patrice Jackson SOC/120 Punishment Research Paper There have been four types of justification for punishment throughout the years of society. From older punishments such as retribution to more modern punishments like societal protection, all have been put in place to protect society and to punish individuals for their deviant acts. To find out which type of justification for punishment is most effective, oneRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty946 Words   |  4 Pages Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is a legal sentence for the convicted to be put to death for their criminal behavior. How the convicted criminal is executed varies from state to state. I do not believe that the death penalty is justifiable in almost any instance, if any. Throughout this class, I have read and experienced confusion on my opinion of whether capital punishment can be justifiable. If there was an absolute 100% belief and proof of guilt for the most serious of crimes (murderRead MoreThe Punishment Of A Criminal854 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent philosophies behind the punishment of a criminal include just about every moral justification that crosses a human being’s mind. The ideology behind philosophies of punishment in the criminal justice system has mainly derived from the globally understood â€Å"An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth† from the Old Testament and the clichà © â€Å"The punishment must fit the crime† concerning retributive punishment. Both of these statements involve retributive punishment. This is because most of the criminalRead MoreOutline of the Basic Principles of Sentencing Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagessociety and people in the society; as a result, researchers and criticisers have always inspected it. This essay will outline the basic principles of sentencing in United Kingdom. There are five general aims or functions or justifications of punishment in the UK’s legal system, which are: 1. RETRIBUTION Retribution rests on the notion that if a person has knowingly done wrong, he or she deserves to be punished. This idea was at the heart of the previous Conservative

Essay on The Disease Yellow Fever - 608 Words

The Disease Yellow Fever Throughout history many different diseases have infected the world. Such diseases consist of measles, mumps, malaria, typhus and yellow fever. Many of these diseases are caused by different things and originated in different countries. Yellow fever is a deadly disease caused by a viral infection that is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Although it is found to be most common in males in their early 20s, yellow fever can affect any sex, race, or age. Since yellow fever is carried by mosquitoes, it is most often found in areas such as Central America, the northern half of South America, and Central Africa where mosquitoes are abundant. The reason why it is found so often in these†¦show more content†¦As the disease progresses the pulse slows and weakens, bleeding of the gums, and bloody urine occur. In more severe, usually fatal cases, jaundice occurs, which is what the disease is named for. Jaundice is when the patients skin turns yellow and is the final definitive test to detect yellow fever, although by that stage it is usually too late. In the rare cases where people recover from the disease, the person develops an immunity to the disease. Unlike most diseases there is no definitive cure for yellow fever. The only remedy is to wait it out until the end and hope for the best. There are some things that can be done to help relieve some of the pain and discomfort. Fluids may be given to the patient to help prevent dehydration. Low blood pressure and low blood sugar are two more of the advanced symptoms that occur in yellow fever victims. Antacids may be used to protect the stomach from bleeding and different medications are used for fever control. Even with good supportive care, yellow fever is still a dangerous disease in which death rates remain high. The most common cause of death in the case of most yellow fever victims is kidney failure. Since there isnt a real cure for the disease except for hope, vaccination becomes even more important to the people because it is the only prevention for the disease. Mosquito repellents, full covering clothing andShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Fever: A Dangerous Virus Essay example1558 Words   |  7 PagesThe Yellow Fever virus came from Central or East Africa. With transmission between primates and humans, the virus has been spread from there to West Africa. The virus was probably brought to the Americas with the slave trade ships from 1492 after the first European exploration. The first case of Yellow fever was recorded in Mexico by Spanish colonists in 1648. Consequently, the virus started to spread also in North America. In Philadelphia in 1793, more than the 9% of the population die. The AmericanRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Yellow Fever1670 Words   |  7 PagesStudent number :1065211 Unit : medical microbiology DESIRE IRAFASHA Yellow fever Yellow fever is defined as an acute haemorrhagic fever, sometimes associated with extensive hepatic necrosis and jaundice. The disease is said to be caused by insect-borne flavivirus that is also a single stranded RNA virus. (Strayer, R. R. D. (2011).Yellow fever virus is an Alpha virus belonging to the Flaviridae virus family that uses primates as monkeys as its primary reservoir and transmitted to hosts such as humansRead MoreThe Yellow Fever Outbreak Of 17931559 Words   |  7 PagesThe Yellow fever outbreak in 1793 affected most of the world with the deaths of many. Yellow fever first started when the refugees from the caribbean fled to Philadelphia. Yellow fever was one of the worst outbreaks in America s history. The information provided in this research essay was found from multiple informational sites and books. The most important parts about Yellow fever are when it started and the symptoms followed, cause and how it s transmitted, treatments, and Yellow fever now.Read Mor eThe American Plague Summary/Response1125 Words   |  5 Pagesinfected with a deadly virus know as yellow fever. The ship landed in the New World and thrived in the hot wet climate and on the white settlers. The New World has never come in contact with yellow fever and as a result no immunities have been built up. The virus obtained its name from the way it turns the victim’s skin and eyes a golden yellow. Victims also suffer from very high fevers, external and internal bleeding, and blackish vomit. In America yellow fever killed thousands of peoples, haltedRead MoreThe Role Of Yellow Fever And The Regional Dynamics More Heavily Than Malaria1209 Words   |  5 PagesMcNeill favors the role of yellow fever in the regional dynamics more heavily than malaria. He is likely accounting for the swift and virulent nature of a virus over that of the parasite. The seasoned locals would have acquired immunity to yellow fever, but what about resistance to malaria? This question would then likely become a racial aspect, and the creole and slave populations would be a factor. McNeill names the theories differential immunity and differential resistance (differential resistanceRead MoreThe Impact Of Yellow Fever On Philadelphia1524 Words   |  7 PagesTo fully comprehend the effect the yellow fever had on Pennsylvania in 1793, it is necessary to understand disease itself. This instance of widespread yellow fever in Philadelphia is known as an epidemic. An epidemic occurs when there is a pathogen present in the same area area as vulnerable a large number of people vulnerable to the said pathogen. Another common term for an epidemic is outbreak, but an outbreak usually occurs within a more limited area than an epidemic. An epidemic or outbreak canRead MoreThe Amazing Achievement Of Building The Panama Canal Did Not Come Without Great Loss1517 Words   |  7 Pagesgreat loss. Within great achievement and betterment of the world, sometimes comes great tragedy. Grea t change also doesn’t happen without a strong fight. The workers who helped build the canal knew what they were up against. They knew that famine, disease, dangerous jobs, and a great deal of loss of human life laid ahead, but these workers were willing to sacrifice everything to see this canal built. They knew the economic implications of having a canal like this. They wanted to make their personalRead MoreA Brief Note On Yellow Fever Virus ( Yvf )1200 Words   |  5 PagesPart1: Person, Place, Time Inside the U.S. Yellow Fever Yellow Fever virus (YVF) is an infectious disease that is transmitted by mosquitos that are infected with the virus. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (2014), the term Yellow fever, derived from the jaundice that some patients with the virus experience. There is no cure for the virus and patients are treated on a case-by-case basis, depending on how severe the symptoms are and what stage the virus in in. YVF is rampant in tropicalRead MoreA Haunting Memory Of Yellow Fever1370 Words   |  6 PagesRenee Wilda Ms. Vyse English II 15 April 2016 A Haunting Memory of Yellow Fever The fever of 1793 had spread over Philadelphia like a dark depressing blanket. Laurie Halse Anderson takes the audience on an emotional roller coaster as they explore Mattie Cook?s summer of 1793. The summer of 1793 hit Mattie Cook, her family, and her family owned coffee shop very hard. As she spends her days avoiding chores, she finds herself making plans to turn the coffee shop into one of Philadelphia?s finest. ThenRead MoreInfectious Disease: Malaria Essay595 Words   |  3 PagesSection 1 Malaria General Information Malaria is a common infectious disease found mainly in the tropics but in rare circumstances can be found in temperate areas. Depending on the circumstances malaria can be either life threatening cause serious illness. It is caused by parasites of the Plasmodium species(in text reference). These parasites are carried by mosquitoes which become infected after biting someone who has malaria. Malaria is then passed on to others when the infected mosquito bites

Theme Of Hate Essay - 1451 Words

The theme hate is present in all the stories that we read this semester. Every story has an overwhelming amount of hatred, all hatred of another race. There is no other reason for the hatred other than the race they are. The goal they have is to mock or hurt or kill the others for being exactly who they are, and they can’t help it. I will talk about all the stories we learned about in this class and how this theme made it the book that it is. In The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian Junior sees so much hatred. He’s in the unique position throughout the whole book where he can see both sides. He sees how much the white people hate the Indians and how much the Indians hate the white. He even receives much of the hatred himself.†¦show more content†¦Atticus talks about how people don’t seem to care. As they grow up they lose that guilt and they don’t want to see the truth they see what they want to. â€Å" ‘I don’t know, but t hey did it. They’ve done it before and they did it tonight and they’ll do it again and when they do it-- seems that only children weep.’ â€Å" (Lee, 213) Atticus is able to change many people’s minds but not all and that’s because people are afraid the change their minds, they’re afraid of what might happen. The thought seems to be very old fashioned. And Atticus who is wealthy and white is hated in the book simply because he is defending an African American. Some people don’t seem to want to hate him but because he is always in the way and defending someone of the race they hate feel they have to. But Mr. Ewell is the man in the story who uses his hatred. He blames Tom for something he didn’t do and tried to hurt Atticus’s family for not hating like he does. There’s also hatred toward a man in town named Boo Radley. And this is all because of rumors that have been going around. He is never seen in the town, he has a mystery about him so most people are afraid. But at the end of the book he saves Jem and Scout’s lives from Mr. Ewell. She realizes he is not what everyone says, he’s kind and gentle and saved her and her brothers lives. She knows after all these experiences that what her father says is true. â€Å" ‘You never really understand a person until you consider things fromShow MoreRelatedConflict Within Romeo And Juliet By William Shakespeare1295 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout Romeo and Juliet the theme of conflict is conveyed in many forms, mostly through physical violence; reflected in the era of the Renaissance where there was political turmoil and many European nations were at war. Shakespeare presents the theme in other forms as well; family versus family, sacred versus profane, parent versus child and language versus inner conflict. Conflict is a key in the structure of the play; it is highlighted in the beginning, middle and end. As an audience we areR ead MoreThemes InShooting An Elephant, By George Orwell840 Words   |  4 PagesRecently I have read the essay â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† by George Orwell. The essay consists of Orwell reliving his younger years, when he was a Colonial police officer in Burma for the British Empire. He further describes the local’s disdain for European presence, him included. A constant theme that appears in the essay is roundabouts or contradictions; an example being Orwell claiming he hates imperialism, yet ironically works as an imperialist cop rather than quit the job. As the essay progresses, OrwellRead MoreWhat Are The Similarities Between Harry Potter And The Sorcerers Stone708 Words   |  3 Pagesstop him. In Booked by Kwame Alexander. Nick finds out his parents are getting divorced and this shocks Nick’s world. But He has his friends help him through it. In this Essay you will be seeing the similar theme in friendship, the similar symbols using a sports and the diff ering setting These two books have a similar theme. That theme is friendship. Even though there worlds may be way different they have similar best friends. In the novel Booked Coby (Nick’s best friend) helps Nick with his familyRead MoreThe Themes of Love and Hate in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet544 Words   |  3 PagesThe Themes of Love and Hate in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet This essay is about the contrast of love and hate in the play by Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet. The essay tells you about how Shakespeare uses language and actions to promote the themes of love and hate and contrast throughout the play. The way he uses certain characters as love and others as hate and how change the story line with the contrast. While Romeo is at the ball he spots Juliet and instantlyRead More The Numerous Themes in Othello Essay1715 Words   |  7 PagesThe Numerous Themes in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚   The Shakespearean tragedy Othello contains a number of themes; their relative importance and priority is debated by literary critics. In this essay let us examine the various themes and determine which are dominant and which subordinate.    A. C. Bradley, in his book of literary criticism, Shakespearean Tragedy, describes the theme of sexual jealousy in Othello:    But jealousy, and especially sexual jealousy, brings with it a sense of shameRead MoreThemes Of Love And Hate1443 Words   |  6 PagesLove and hate are both an occurring theme in both Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare and Frankenstein by Mary Shelly. In this essay I will be comparing the similarities and differences of the way that the two texts portray the feeling of love and hate. The essay will be divided into different topics that I will be comparing, these following topics will be: death, passion, betrayal and one more. Romeo and Juliet was a play that was written by the famous English poet, playwright William Shakespeare whoseRead MoreSimilarities and Differences Between Romeo and Juliet and Lord of the Flies1676 Words   |  7 Pages1. How does civilization breakdown as time passes in RJ and LOTF? †¢ Montague and Capulet families have been bitter enemies for generations. †¢ Bitter hate even extend to the families’ servants who open the play fighting in the streets. †¢ Arguments end up in fights resulting in murder, followed by revenge and more murder – Tybalt kills Mercutio, Romeo kills Tybalt despite knowing that Tybalt is his new wife’s cousin. †¢ Juliet finds out that Romeo kills her cousin, but tolerates it. †¢ Juliet wouldRead MoreBrontes Approach to the Theme of Suffering in Jane Eyre Essay579 Words   |  3 PagesBrontes Approach to the Theme of Suffering in Jane Eyre Works Cited Missing Jane Eyre is a book written by Charlotte Bronte in 1847. The author was, undoubtedly, influenced by the social and historical context of that time. In this essay, I will be exploring the theme of suffering in the first chapters of the novel and will explore how Bronte approaches this theme. Suffering occurs several times throughout the novel and Bronte clearly uses these occurrences to influenceRead MoreEdgar Allen Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado1528 Words   |  7 Pageslife contribute greatly towards the gothic themes of his work, conflicts of love and hate as well as self and the alter ego, have influenced his writing on death and delusional characters. Though there are many notable writers and poets who contributed to the field of English literature in the 19th century, Edgar was among those who remained on the sidelines despite their extraordinary talent. In all of Poe s works, the themes of emotional pain, love and hate, despair and delusion are common (Halliburton)Read MoreEssay on Conquering My Fear of Writing1002 Words   |  5 PagesConquering My Fear of Writing Lacking experience in writing and reading, English is my most feared subject. It is the one and only vulnerable spot in my otherwise invincible academic armor. I hate writing and I despise reading. Other than magazines, I cannot recall reading anything since The Crucible which was a teacher assigned book in my sophomore high school English class. Not that I read a lot before that, I dont remember reading any books in my middle school years neither. Now, with

Pro Choice Live Your Own Life Essay Example For Students

Pro Choice Live Your Own Life Essay Another day passes by, another new set of choices that affect your life in the smallest ways.Did you know that the littlest things you decide have the potential to affect your life in the grandest of ways? Life is a second-second-to-second thing, You cannot exist without the choices of someone else, and you makes many serious choices yourself. I believe people should choose their own path and their own future,right down to abortions. I believe in choice. Pro-choice. (Body)(Reason One) Peoples lives and rights should not be interfered by the opinion of another. There are certain rights given to one soul which cannot be removed or changed. This gives the choice-maker to live with his/her own decision without the guilt or disturbance of a third party. Tend to yours and I shall tend to mine. Live your own (Reason Two) A body belongs to one soul, giving one soul the rules and rights over it. People tend to forget that. As in an economy, when something is in demand, legal or not, people will sell and buy it.But what about those people who feel guiltiful over something that shouldnt pressure them? (May it be abortion or not.) Most people would like to live under the choices they make without the world pushing them over or religions battering them with stones. (Reason Three) There are a select few reasons I believe a baby should not be born.There are patterns that affect the world today. Children who follow right down the same deathly path their parents strode down, even if it wasnt meant to happen. Its a proven fact that drug abusing parents are part of a cycle they may have started, and children with parents like that are many times more prone to follow the path to desease, famine,or worse, death. Also, If there is no hope for a child, now way for a parent to raise them, no cash, no valuables, no life or support, they do not need to put a child in such a bad position. And there are even medical reasons in which women with difficulties in pregnancy and the carrying months who may need it in a life or death situation. (Conclusion) (Re-state opinion)Pro-Choice has a reason.They may be small but serious. I myself am nto a big fan of abortion but I strongly am behind the Pro-Choice act. Its not our choice if it is not our bodies.The right stop before people are allowed to punish others for legal choices they make. We are not China, we have individual Bibliography: .

“Impact of Television Violation on Children’s Socialization” Essay Example

â€Å"Impact of Television Violation on Children’s Socialization† Essay Children are to be considered as the hope of the tomorrow. They are the one who make our world beautiful and meaningful because of their innocence and simplicity. But are these facts still true nowadays? Or it will be just a â€Å"dream† for us now? Children’s characters, personalities and their totality as individual first develop and mold inside the home where parents are oblige and responsible to teach their children the good values and morals. But the irony for this issue is that, parents tend to forget their responsibilities as parents in supervising their kids, due to their hectic schedules and demands of their work, especially in watching television where children are expose to different kinds of indecent advertisements and commercials. Parents should allot time in spending quality moments and be on the side of their children in order for them to explain the advertisements and commercials which have an adult content.This paper intent to scrutinize the regulating of controversial television advertising and their content, but what is more important is doing this while upholding the first Amendment and; (2) impact of controversial television violation on children’s socialization.II. DiscussionTelevision is a very powerful tool to the learning of the children and it can educate them in many ways whether it is profitable or destructive to their morals and values. It contributes much most especially when parents let their children watch indecent television shows anytime of the day without their supervision. There are also shows on TV that create fear to the hearts of these children because they are able to internalize what they have seen. In a researched entitled â€Å"Television† and conducted by the University of Michigan Health System stated that â€Å"in a usual American household, there are about 7 hours spend by children in watching television everyday and there are about tens of thousands of commercials observed by the kids on TV which   the   public relations mark. And not only that, every year the range of 1,000 to 2,000 children watched TV ads for alcohol and the fears attributed by the television can create sleep problems. A survey showed that there was about 37 percent of the kids stated that they were terrified by a TV story and the symptoms for this included anxious feelings, withdrawing from friends, nightmares†¦(see â€Å"Television† University of Michigan Health System).There are also commercials that speak about sex. It is called sex in advertising. The use of sexual attraction as a tool of persuasion by drawing attention, interest to a particular product for the purpose of promotion and increase in sales had been a part of marketing and advertising industry for quite some time. The method generally uses attractive models, usually in a suggestive or provocative scene. The past two decades have witnessed an increasing use of explicit sexual appeal in consumer-oriented print ad vertising and particularly of women as the object of sexual desire that it has reached to the point of being common.The use of sex in advertising can range from being highly overt to extremely subtle; from explicit displays of sexual acts or nudity, down to the use of basic cosmetic products to enhance attractiveness. The more subtle forms of this spectrum have seeped into other types of media. One such example is the criteria in the selection of DJs and announcers, which is based on the â€Å"sexiness† of their voice.The use of sexual imagery in advertising has received a barrage of criticisms on various grounds. Moral and religious groups oppose it for being obscene.   Feminist groups raise the issue of women’s rights, that it reduces women as mere ‘objects’. Others believe that it only reinforces sexism.A. RegulationsWay back in 1924, the American Association of Advertising Agencies published a code of ethics, stating that the following practices were unethical: ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   False or misleading claims about the product, whether visual or verbal ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Testimonials which does not truly speak of the real choice of a witness ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Price claims which is purposely done to mislead the public ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Statements which unfairly disparage a competing product or service ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Claims which are unproven/untested, or claims that puts statements out of context to distort the true meaning made by professional or scientific authorities ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Statements, pictures, or suggestions which are offensive to public decencyEach of these ethical codes is quite vague in nature which allows a wide range of interpretations. Consequently advertisers push the limits of what is actually acceptable to advertise about their services or wares. It is in the last code wherein sex is more or less add ressed as being potentially offensive to the public. The next deliberation is on the issue of what is NOT offensive to one person, may be horrible to another. It is subjective. The responsibility now lies on the advertiser to maintain a delicate balance (see K. Stirtz. â€Å"For Most of Us, Sex Does Not Sell†).A prevailing advertising belief through the last two decades is the power of sexual imagery and suggestions on consumers. Neil E. Harrison, of the Canadian Business and Current Affairs wrote that â€Å"advertisers recognize that ‘sex sells’ because it attracts attention†. It is not sexual images or suggestion that sells the product per se, but the technique of attention-getting that has always been the cornerstone of advertising whether consumers look with interest, or look in disgust. The point advertisers seek is for consumers to LOOK, and if the imagery pushes the borderline of what is shocking or offensive, the more it is retained in the consume r’s memory. However, an article â€Å"Playing the Game† wrote that sexual images are ineffective especially when it is ironically diametrically opposed to the product it tries to sell (T Ball, P Avers. â€Å"A Brief History of Sex in Advertising†).B. Its EffectivenessSex in marketing through the years has become raunchier and raunchier, with each advertisement trying to outdo the last. Since it has become a powerful force in the marketing industry, we see the market being saturated with signs of glamorous blond women and muscle-rippling playboys. However, recent studies indicate that such a tool is no longer the sure-way answer to every marketing officer’s prayer.Although most companies utilize sex as their largest promoter of their product(s), negative results may never be far behind. Sexual ads do not always appeal to all consumers and accept sex as an acceptable marketing tool. A study done by Susan Cummings for the American Demographics Magazine, quot ed that â€Å"75 percent of women and 53 percent of men aged 35 to 54 said that sex in advertising can be offensive† (Cited in â€Å"Sex Sells†¦No, Really!†).Other concerns being raised is how the youth react to this and how they perceive sex in advertising. There are many different opinions on how sexual appeal in advertising is defined. A slight difference had been found between young men and women. Sexual appeal for young women did not depend on how people looked in the advertisement. Focus is more on movement. It does not even have to include nudity, and models need not be exceptionally good looking for the ad to be even considered sexual. Young men also believe that the movement and the appearance of the models are of great importance. Both genders perceive an ad as sexual through words and images, even without images of nudity among the characters. Therefore, this study came to the following conclusions: that advertisement do not have to contain nudity to be perceived by young men and women as sexual in character; even movement and appearance of the models in the advertisement can make it sexual in nature; young men differ from their women counterparts in the sense that they believe that exceptional good looks among models require an ad campaign to be so. They also believe that there is too much sex in advertising, even observing that there are companies who make use of sexual appeal even if their product is discordant with the sexual image. These young men also see advertisements as discriminating to both men and women. This research also came to the same conclusion that buying behavior does not change, since nudity in advertisement has become so common.Young female respondents also believe that there is too much sex in advertising and these failed to elicit responses. Reaction of tension came only if the image is tasteless. However, for young women, attitude and buying behavior might change if an advertisement based on sexual appeal is too sexual. A favorable response comes only if the sexual appeal is done tastefully and the appeal has any connection towards the brand. Their self-image and confidence is affected when it showed attractive models. Corporations are then urged to make considerations in aiming advertising towards youth in using sexual appeals in their advertisement campaigns.This means that children are prone to adapt thwarted values and morals which will affect sooner to their development as individuals and contribute in the later part of their lives. Being TV addicts is more treacherous and hazardous than taking a drug because it disseminates violence, spoils people’s intellects, and ruins not only the individual but as well as our nation and culture.III. ConclusionsA. Effects on childrenWe cannot deny the fact that children are great imitators and that is one of their natures. They really follow and imitate what they have seen and observed from other people especially when they realize th at these people involve manifests excitement in doing such acts. Present television’s advertisements, commercials, shows and movies already content indecent acts such as violence, sensual actions or sex, drinking and taking drugs which have great impact to the minds of the younger generations. These kinds of entertainments will create curiosity and puzzlements to their young minds that will push them to try it by themselves. The advertisers really put an effort to convey their audiences-whether young or old-whom the actions perform on TV, those actions are worth emulating for and because of this, children are motivated to imitate it. The University of Michigan Health System further discussed that â€Å"TV shows usually speak about the use of alcohol. The existence of alcohol on TV resorts the gamut from prime-time programs†¦In addition, the researched informed us that those who are TV addicts are more similarly to smoke cigarettes and marijuana. However, parents are not open in discussing issues such as birth control, sexually transmitted disease and sex and even schools are lacking to give information about sex education programs and due to such reasons, children are able to acquire sex information through watching TV. In a survey disclosed the fact that there were about 76 percent of teenagers attested that one intuition why young people indulge in sex because TV movies and programs make such thing as common and ordinary for their age group (see â€Å"Television† University of Michigan Health System).

The Term “Art” Essay Sample Essays

The Term â€Å"Art† Essay Sample Essays The Term â€Å"Art† Essay Sample Paper The Term â€Å"Art† Essay Sample Paper The subject matter of this essay is based on the original article The Trouble with (the term) Art written by Carolyn Dean (professor of History of Art and Visual Culture at the University of California) and published in the Art Journal, Vol. 65, no. 2 (summer 2006), pp 25-32. As the title indicates, the theme of that article and of this essay should be â€Å"art† or, perhaps, more precisely the concept of â€Å"art† itself â€Å"for what art seems to be at the very heart of the issue† (Carolyne Dean). The author of the article emphasizes the fact that the term â€Å"art† has been used by many scholars in various disciplines with different connotations. Carolyn Dean focuses on the â€Å"so-called AOA fields (Africa, Oceania, America)†, that is on cultures often categorized as â€Å"primitive†. The scholars working in these fields often incorrectly describe the products of these cultures as being â€Å"primitive art†, by contrasting them with what is commonly seen as West-European art. What is the  major question  in Deans article? The major question points to the error of using the term â€Å"art† simply for anything that is touched, moved, used or produced by mankind anywhere and at any time on the planet. The greatest problem is that we keep calling things â€Å"art† without regard to the objects original purpose as given to them by those indigenous people who used or fabricated them in the first place. It is a fact, that in the many cultures whose products we call â€Å"primitive art,† there has been no concept of â€Å"art† in the contemporary West-European understanding of this word. Certainly, there have been cultures that have developed a different understanding and appreciation of objects. Though, in many cases, their primal role and worthiness stay hidden in the history because there is no one left to be asked if there was an aesthetic evaluation present or if there was any concept of â€Å"art† at all. So, when we find the remains of an older culture, we simply appl y our â€Å"Western† values and use our â€Å"Western† points of views. Instead, we should try to look at it through the eyes of the culture we are trying to study, on the basis of our findings. Unfortunately, we tend to have a commercial approach to it: how valuable is this piece of â€Å"primitive art†?. Even worse, it is not only the bygone cultures that we approach in this manner but also those cultures we have discovered in the colonized territories since the late Middle-Ages. Can we ever possibly undo the damage that has already been done to all these cultures? What kind of action should be taken when a culture with a concept of â€Å"art† and one without such a concept meet? Should this concept be introduced to the culture where such a concept is missing? Should it be implanted at all costs? What if there is a reason why the concept of â€Å"art† has not jet evolved in that culture or, perhaps, what if we do or did not recognize it has already been there? Then the remains of cultures which had known the concept of â€Å"art† may in a way be called â€Å"art†. On the other hand, there may have been cultures that never developed aesthetic feelings, then nothing these cultures would have left behind could be â€Å"art†. However, it is not for us to decide on such a thing and therefore we simply apply our concept of â€Å"art† to what may or may not be â€Å"art†. Has mankind learned from any of its mistakes? â€Å"This is art!† I have always had a problem with this term and much more trouble with its interpretation. It usually leads me to an inner dispute where, on the one hand, there stands subjective me designating everything that has been adapted and created by man as â€Å"art†, and, on the other hand there is an objective me recognizing as â€Å"art† only a few things accepted as â€Å"art† collectively by the whole human society. Here is a short demonstration: The subjective me says: When I draw a sketch, paint a picture, take a photograph, using a random melody, prepare a meal, walk, dream, etc., I consider myself it producing or even being an object of â€Å"art†. Why shouldnt everything I say and the way I say it be approached as â€Å"art?† Everybody is unique! We all are in a way a form of â€Å"art† and there are many aesthetic distinctions between all of us to evaluate our products and ourselves. The objective me replies: We a re unique individuals but we all cant live on producing â€Å"art†, unless we would call â€Å"art† all human activity. Nonetheless, things like cars, customer goods and all the articles of mass production should not be called â€Å"art†. Surely, there is the design of these products, which can be marked as â€Å"art†. This dialogue could go on forever as well as might the one in the real world. Thanks for reading this article I found out that there is a real discussion taking place. I have even thought about joining the discussion myself and, at any rate, I am really looking forward to learning the outcome. Carolyn Dean tries to resume the discussions on the subject by presenting previous attempts to find solutions and definitions for the term â€Å"art†. She also provokes those in the field to replace the so much hated term â€Å"primitive art†. This term has some supporters among those using it. There were more and less courageous attempts throughout modern history to arouse debates on this very burning issue – I personally like the phrase Adrian Gerbrands used in 1957 during one of the first discussions on this subject; back then he called it â€Å"the problem of the name†. Deans article may encourage some art historians, anthropologists, and other related scholars to continue in the debate and eventually agree on the terminology to be used. Nevertheless, that stays an open question.

The Organization Behavior of PIXAR Research Paper

The Organization Behavior of PIXAR - Research Paper Example Pixar animation studios is built upon a family style structure in which stakeholder interests are a priority and quality is the highest goal over financial concerns. The objective of their enterprise, according to their website is â€Å"to combine proprietary technology and world class creative talent to develop computer animated feature films with memorable characters and heartwarming stories that appeal to audiences of all ages†. In order to pursue this goal, the company has created a strategy-culture in which a strong culture has developed so that the employees are highly loyal. However, the insular corporate culture has created some issues in which communications in the organization are not up to the original standard expected by the mandates. The business is experiencing some of the effects of expansion as lower level employees are fighting to be heard. From its smaller beginnings of merely 44 employees when purchased by Steve Jobs, the company now has 850 employees with 19 executives. With a large work force all operating towards a limited number of projects, the experiences that first brought Lasseter to form his own business can eventually become seen as a threat to the company if the creativity of lower level employees is not allowed to flourish. However, according to Hoover’s, Inc. , the average amount of revenue per employee per year is at $300,000, making the business a capital-intensive industry. Investment and start-up costs make competition difficult, but also mean that competing creative types have a shot at finding financing even in the high-risk, but potentially high return nature of the business. Company History Pixar Studios did not start out on a successful tract. The company started as Pixar, Inc. in 1984, a company that sold computer hardware and turned to selling animation software as well as providing commercial animations for advertisers. John Lasseter and a handful of employees, shortly from the junior animation ranks at the Walt Disney Company, formed this company as a division of the company owned by George Lucas under the special effects branch (Pixar, 2011). The hope of the company was to create a success through animation, creating short length promotional films which were bringing in no financial return. The company ran reporting nothing but losses in the couple of years and was having trouble financing the one project they were determined to create (Price, 2009). The company was purchased by Steve Jobs in 1986 for ten million dollars when the division was formed into an independent company as Pixar, thus beginning the course towards a revolution in the animated film industry. The company was co-founded by Ed Catmull, who was also the vice-president of the special effects division at Lucas, Inc (Pixar, 2011). Through innovative techniques and building a reputation through short films, the company gained enough credibility to engage in their first efforts towards a full length, feature film project. With Lucas, Inc., Steve Jobs, and innovations that had the capacity to rock the animated film industry, the next logical step was to include the Walt Disney Company as a part of one of the most powerful innovative groupings ever developed. The project was Toy Story, a fully computer generated animation film that the Disney Studios came on board to finance in 1991. There was a murmur of disapproval in Hollywood, the belief that a fully computerized